Vaccines, prescriptions, and a travel medicine kit for 55 destinations — based on CDC, WHO, NHS and ECDC guidance for 2024-2025.
Update these regardless of destination. Most travel illness comes from preventable diseases like measles or flu — not exotic tropical infections.
| Vaccine | Schedule | Booster | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) | 2 doses, 4 weeks apart | Lifelong after series | Confirm immunity before travel; measles is a common post-travel illness. |
| Tdap (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis) | 1 dose if >10 years since last | Every 10 years | Tdap preferred over plain Td for pertussis coverage. |
| Polio (IPV) | 1 adult booster if >10 years since last | Every 10 years for endemic regions | Vaccine-derived poliovirus detected in EU wastewater 2024-2025 — verify status. |
| Influenza | 1 dose annually | Annual | Flu circulates year-round in the tropics. |
| COVID-19 | Per current national guidance | As recommended | Usually free under national health systems. |
| Varicella | 2 doses, 4-8 weeks apart (if not immune) | Lifelong after series | Spreads fast in crowded hostels and tours. |
These are the vaccines a travel-medicine doctor will typically discuss depending on your destination. Not all are needed for every trip — the right combination depends on your itinerary, duration, and activities.
Endemic across Southeast Asia, South Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Spread via contaminated food and water — high risk if you eat street food or visit rural areas.
Moderate to high prevalence across Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of South America. Particularly relevant for longer stays, medical procedures, or any potential blood/sexual contact.
Fluoroquinolone-resistant typhoid is widespread in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and parts of Africa. Vaccinate if visiting India, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, or sub-Saharan Africa.
Mosquito-borne; high mortality if infected. Consider if staying >1 month in rural/agricultural areas of Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia, Philippines, or Sri Lanka — especially May-October.
Consider for long rural stays, animal-contact activities (caves, wildlife tours, cycling), or areas where post-exposure treatment may be delayed. Dogs are the main risk in SE Asia, India, and Africa; monkeys in tourist areas.
Qdenga (TAK-003) has been recommended by major European travel-medicine bodies since 2023 for travelers to endemic regions: Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Indonesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka. Works in dengue-naive travelers (unlike Dengvaxia).
Outbreaks occur periodically in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South Asia. Consider if visiting an area with confirmed transmission or working in humanitarian settings. Food and water precautions matter more than the vaccine.
Endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America. Required for entry into Congo, DRC, and Ivory Coast. Recommended for Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela (jungle regions). Also required if transiting from endemic areas to Asia or Oceania.
Relevant for rural/forest stays in southern Germany, Sweden, Croatia, Austria, and Russia (Siberia/Urals). Transmitted by tick bites April–November.
Required for pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia. Also recommended for sub-Saharan Africa’s meningitis belt (including Ivory Coast, DRC). Bacterial meningitis spreads in crowded settings.
Malaria is not a risk in most tourist destinations. Prophylaxis is only needed for specific regions — primarily sub-Saharan Africa, parts of South America, rural India, and jungle zones in Southeast Asia.
| Drug | Dosing | Pros / Cons | Cost (DE) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atovaquone-Proguanil (Malarone) | 1 tablet daily, start 1-2 days before, continue 7 days after | Easy to remember, fewer side effects / expensive | €60-150 per trip |
| Doxycycline | 100 mg daily, start 1-2 days before, continue 4 weeks after | Cheap / photosensitivity, 4-week tail after travel | €15-30 per trip |
| Tafenoquine (Krintafel) | Single 300 mg dose, 3 days before travel | Single dose, long-acting / limited availability in some countries | €200-300 |
Bring familiar medications from home in their original packaging. Local pharmacies stock most basics, but brand names, dosages, and availability vary by country.
Useful for fever from dengue, traveler's diarrhea, or sun exposure. Avoid aspirin if dengue is suspected.
ORS is more important than the antidiarrheal — tropical heat amplifies dehydration fast.
Tropical insect bites react more strongly than European ones — an antihistamine helps you sleep.
Humidity = fungal infections. Coral and scooter scrapes infect quickly — clean and cover them.
Dengue mosquitoes bite during the day; malaria mosquitoes bite at night. Cover both.
Ask your doctor about these before travel. Get an English-language prescription for customs and pharmacy use.
| Medication | What it's for | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Azithromycin (3×500 mg) | Severe traveler's diarrhea (fever, blood, >3 stools/day) | First-line for tropical destinations — fluoroquinolone resistance is widespread in Asia. Take with food. |
| Antimalarial (Malarone or Doxycycline) | If your itinerary includes rural jungle/border zones | Continue dosing after returning home (7 days Malarone, 4 weeks Doxycycline). |
| Ondansetron 4-8 mg | Severe nausea / vomiting (food poisoning) | Very effective. Useful on long bus or boat rides. |
| Sumatriptan | Migraines | Only if you're already prone to migraines. |
| Personal medications | Anything you take daily | Bring trip duration + 2 weeks. Pack in carry-on, original bottles. |
| EpiPen | Severe allergies | Keep cool (not in heat); declare to airlines and customs. |
Region-specific health issues most travelers underestimate, from tropical infections to altitude and wildlife.
High risk across SE Asia, India, Brazil, and sub-Saharan Africa. Daytime-biting Aedes mosquitoes. Recovery is supportive care; avoid aspirin/NSAIDs if suspected. The Qdenga vaccine is an option for travellers to endemic regions.
Affects 30-50% of travelers to Asia. Bottled water, no ice from unknown sources, peel-it-yourself fruit, well-cooked food. ORS first, loperamide second, azithromycin only for severe cases.
UV index in tropical and subtropical regions reaches 11-12. Drink 2-3 L water daily; avoid peak sun 11:00-15:00. Heat exhaustion: dizziness, nausea, rapid pulse — cool down immediately.
Wash bites with soap and water for 20 minutes, then seek medical care immediately. Post-exposure rabies treatment is available in Bangkok, Singapore, Hanoi and other major cities — not always in rural areas.
Box jellyfish in northern Australia and parts of Indonesia. Coral cuts infect rapidly in tropical seawater. Wear reef shoes, watch for beach warnings, and don't touch wildlife.
The most likely way to be seriously hurt abroad. Wear a helmet on scooters, avoid night driving in rural areas, and verify your travel insurance covers motorbike use (many policies exclude it without a license).
Endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America. Many African countries (Congo, DRC, Ivory Coast) require proof of vaccination for entry. Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela recommend it for jungle regions. A single dose gives lifelong protection.
Risk in Peru (Cusco 3400 m, Machu Picchu trek), Colombia (Bogotá 2600 m), and other highland destinations. Ascend slowly, hydrate, consider acetazolamide (Diamox). Descend immediately if symptoms worsen.
Present in forested areas of Germany (southern), Sweden, Croatia, and across Russia/Siberia. Vaccine recommended for extended rural stays April–November. Check with your travel-medicine clinic — the 3-dose series takes several weeks.
Snapshot of the health profile for each destination. "Recommended" assumes a standard tourist itinerary; long rural stays may add more.
Book 4-6 weeks before departure; specialist clinics often have 2-4 week waitlists.
Comprehensive plans from major travel insurers cost roughly €30-70 for a 2-week trip. Always check whether scooter riding is covered — many policies exclude it without a license.
Singapore, Indonesia, Australia and New Zealand have strict rules — check specific countries before travel.
Top private hospitals by region: Bumrungrad/Samitivej (Bangkok), Raffles/Mount Elizabeth (Singapore), Vinmec (Hanoi); Apollo/Max (Delhi/Mumbai); Mediclinic/Netcare (South Africa); Hospital Israelita/Sírio-Libanês (São Paulo).
Information compiled from official 2024-2025 guidance. Confirm specifics with a travel-medicine specialist before booking vaccines or filling prescriptions.